Active Ingredient History
Bupivacaine is a widely used local anesthetic agent. Bupivacaine is often administered by spinal injection prior to total hip arthroplasty. It is also commonly injected into surgical wound sites to reduce pain for up to 20 hours after surgery. In comparison to other local anesthetics it has a long duration of action. It is also the most toxic to the heart when administered in large doses. Bupivacaine blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. Bupivacaine binds to the intracellular portion of sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, which prevents depolarization. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. The analgesic effects of bupivicaine are thought to potentially be due to its binding to the prostaglandin E2 receptors, subtype EP1 (PGE2EP1), which inhibits the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing fever, inflammation, and hyperalgesia. Bupivacaine sometimes used in combination with epinephrine to prevent systemic absorption and extend the duration of action. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Pain (approved 2011)
Abdominoplasty (Phase 3)
Acute Pain (Phase 4)
Adenomyosis (Early Phase 1)
Adolescent (Phase 4)
Amputation (Phase 4)
Analgesia (Phase 4)
Analgesics (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Opioid (Phase 4)
Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Caudal (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Conduction (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Epidural (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Local (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Obstetrical (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Spinal (Phase 4)
Anesthetics, Local (Phase 4)
Ankle Fractures (Phase 3)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (Phase 4)
Appendicitis (Phase 4)
Arthritis (Phase 4)
Arthritis, Juvenile (Phase 4)
Arthropathy, Neurogenic (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee (Phase 4)
Atrial Fibrillation (Phase 4)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases (Phase 2)
Back Pain (Phase 4)
Balanitis (Phase 2)
Bariatric Surgery (Phase 2)
Bile Duct Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Blepharoptosis (Phase 2)
Body Mass Index (Phase 4)
Brachial Plexus Block (Phase 4)
Breast (Phase 3)
Breast Diseases (Phase 1)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Bunion (Phase 4)
Bupivacaine (Phase 4)
Burns (Phase 4)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 3)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Phase 4)
Cervix Uteri (Phase 4)
Cesarean Section (Phase 4)
Child (Phase 4)
Chronic Pain (Phase 4)
Cleft Palate (Phase 3)
Cluster Headache (Phase 2)
Colectomy (Phase 4)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Colorectal Surgery (Phase 4)
Constriction, Pathologic (Phase 4)
Contracture (Phase 2)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 3)
Coronary Stenosis (Phase 3)
Cough (Phase 3)
CREST Syndrome (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Crohn Disease (Phase 4)
Cryptorchidism (Phase 4)
Depressive Disorder, Major (Phase 4)
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant (Phase 4)
Dexmedetomidine (Phase 4)
Digestive System Diseases (Phase 4)
Emergency Service, Hospital (Phase 2)
Epiretinal Membrane (Phase 4)
Facial Pain (Phase 4)
Femoracetabular Impingement (Phase 4)
Femoral Fractures (Phase 2)
Femoral Neck Fractures (Phase 4)
Foot (Phase 3)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Gastrointestinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Gender Dysphoria (Phase 3)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Genital Neoplasms, Female (Phase 3)
Hallux Valgus (Phase 3)
Hamartoma (Phase 4)
Headache (Phase 4)
Headache Disorders, Primary (Phase 2)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 1)
Heart Diseases (Phase 1)
Heart Failure (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hemodynamics (Phase 4)
Hemorrhoidectomy (Phase 2)
Hemorrhoids (Early Phase 1)
Hernia, Hiatal (Phase 4)
Hernia, Inguinal (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Hernia, Umbilical (Phase 4)
Hernia, Ventral (Phase 3)
Herniorrhaphy (Phase 1)
Hip Fractures (Phase 4)
Hip Injuries (Phase 3)
Hot Flashes (Phase 4)
Hypospadias (Phase 4)
Hypotension (Phase 4)
Hysterectomy (Phase 4)
Hysterectomy, Vaginal (Phase 4)
Incidence (Phase 4)
Infertility, Male (Phase 4)
Inflammation (Phase 4)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Phase 4)
Infratentorial Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (Phase 4)
Intestinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Joint Diseases (Phase 4)
Kidney Calculi (Phase 3)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 4)
Kidney Failure, Chronic (Phase 4)
Knee (Phase 2)
Knee Injuries (Phase 4)
Labor, Obstetric (Phase 1)
Labor Pain (Phase 4)
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases (Phase 2)
Laparoscopy (Phase 4)
Laparotomy (Phase 4)
Leiomyoma (Phase 4)
Length of Stay (Phase 4)
Ligaments (Phase 4)
Ligaments, Articular (Phase 4)
Low Back Pain (Phase 4)
Lumbar Vertebrae (Phase 4)
Lung Diseases (Phase 4)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Lymphoma (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Mammaplasty (Phase 4)
Mastectomy (Phase 2)
Mastectomy, Modified Radical (Phase 4)
Mastodynia (Phase 4)
Maternal Health (Phase 4)
Meningioma (Phase 4)
Metatarsus (Phase 3)
Midazolam (Early Phase 1)
Migraine Disorders (Phase 2)
Mitral Valve Insufficiency (Phase 3)
Morphine (Phase 4)
Musculoskeletal Pain (Phase 4)
Myofascial Pain Syndromes (Phase 2)
Myofascial Release Therapy (Phase 4)
Narcotics (Phase 4)
Nasal Septal Perforation (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Neck Pain (Phase 4)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 4)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage (Phase 2)
Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous (Phase 4)
Nerve Block (Phase 4)
Neuralgia (Phase 4)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 4)
Only Child (Early Phase 1)
Opioid-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Orchiectomy (Phase 4)
Orthognathic Surgery (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Hip (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)
Outpatients (Phase 4)
Ovarian Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Pain (Phase 4)
Pain Management (Phase 4)
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 4)
Pain, Referred (Phase 2)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Pancreatitis, Chronic (Early Phase 1)
Paralysis (Phase 4)
Paraphimosis (Phase 2)
Parathyroid Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Paroxysmal Hemicrania (Phase 2)
Patient Satisfaction (Phase 4)
Pediatrics (Phase 4)
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (Phase 4)
Penis (Phase 4)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries (Phase 1)
Peripheral Nervous System Agents (Phase 4)
Peripheral Vascular Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 4)
Phimosis (Phase 2)
Physiological Effects of Drugs (Phase 4)
Pneumonia (Phase 4)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 4)
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Phase 4)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 4)
Primary Dysautonomias (Phase 1)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Pulpitis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Quality of Life (Phase 4)
Radiculopathy (Phase 4)
Raynaud Disease (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Rectal Diseases (Phase 4)
Rectal Fistula (Early Phase 1)
Renal Colic (Phase 4)
Respiratory Insufficiency (Phase 1)
Retinal Detachment (Phase 4)
Retinal Perforations (Phase 4)
Return to Work (Phase 4)
Rib Fractures (Phase 4)
Ribs (Phase 4)
Robotic Surgical Procedures (Phase 3)
Rotator Cuff Injuries (Phase 4)
Sarcoma (Early Phase 1)
Sciatic Neuropathy (Phase 4)
Scleroderma, Diffuse (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Sexual Behavior (Phase 4)
Shoulder Fractures (Phase 4)
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (Phase 4)
Shoulder Injuries (Phase 4)
Shoulder Pain (Phase 4)
Sinusitis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Spinal Injuries (Phase 4)
Spinal Stenosis (Phase 4)
Spondylolisthesis (Phase 4)
Spondylolysis (Phase 4)
Spondylosis (Phase 4)
Sternotomy (Phase 1)
Strabismus (Phase 4)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Phase 1)
Surgical Wound (Phase 4)
Synovial Cyst (Phase 4)
Tendinopathy (Phase 4)
Tennis Elbow (Phase 4)
Testicular Hydrocele (Phase 4)
Thoracic Diseases (Phase 3)
Thoracic Injuries (Phase 4)
Thoracic Surgery (Phase 4)
Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted (Phase 2)
Thyroid Diseases (Phase 2)
Thyroid Gland (Early Phase 1)
Tonsillectomy (Phase 4)
Tonsillitis (Phase 4)
Tooth, Impacted (Phase 4)
Traumatology (Phase 4)
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency (Phase 3)
Ultrasonography (Phase 4)
Urethral Stricture (Phase 4)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Urinary Incontinence, Stress (Phase 4)
Urologic Diseases (Phase 4)
Uterine Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Uterine Prolapse (Phase 4)
Uterus (Phase 2)
Vascular Surgical Procedures (Phase 3)
Vision, Ocular (Phase 4)
Vitrectomy (Phase 4)
Vitreous Detachment (Phase 4)
Vitreous Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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