Active Ingredient History
Metformin is the most widely used drug to treat type 2 diabetes, and is one of only two oral antidiabetic drugs on the World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. However, we still do not completely understand its mechanisms of action. The main effect of this drug from the biguanide family is to acutely decrease hepatic glucose production, mostly through a mild and transient inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. In addition, the resulting decrease in hepatic energy status activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a cellular metabolic sensor, providing a generally accepted mechanism for the action of metformin on hepatic gluconeogenesis. The use of metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, was repeatedly associated with the decreased risk of the occurrence of various types of cancers, especially of pancreas and colon and hepatocellular carcinoma. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Acute Coronary Syndrome (Phase 4)
Adult Children (Phase 2)
Aging (Phase 3)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Phase 2)
Angina, Unstable (Phase 4)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Art (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Arthritis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Phase 2)
Atrial Fibrillation (Phase 4)
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (Phase 2)
Bariatric Surgery (Phase 4)
Berberine (Phase 4)
Blood Glucose (Phase 4)
Brain Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Burns (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell (Phase 2)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 1)
Cerebral Palsy (Phase 2)
Chronic Disease (Phase 3)
Chronic Periodontitis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Codeine (Phase 1)
Cognition Disorders (Phase 3)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 4)
Colitis, Ulcerative (Phase 2)
Colonic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 4)
COVID-19 (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Cystic Fibrosis (Phase 2)
Deficiency Diseases (Phase 4)
Dengue (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Depression (Phase 4)
Depressive Disorder, Major (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Diabetes Complications (Phase 4)
Diabetes, Gestational (Phase 4)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (Phase 4)
Diabetic Nephropathies (Phase 2)
Diabetic Neuropathies (Phase 1)
Diagnostic Self Evaluation (Phase 1)
Diet Therapy (Early Phase 1)
Drug Evaluation (Phase 4)
Drug Interactions (Phase 1)
Drugs, Generic (Phase 1)
Dyslipidemias (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Endocrine System Diseases (Phase 4)
Endometrial Hyperplasia (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Endometrial Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (Phase 2)
Endothelial Cells (Phase 1)
Esophageal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Phase 2)
Fanconi Anemia (Phase 2)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Fragile X Syndrome (Phase 4)
Frailty (Phase 3)
Frontotemporal Dementia (Phase 2)
Genetic Diseases, X-Linked (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Glioblastoma (Phase 2)
Glucocorticoids (Phase 4)
Glucose Intolerance (Phase 4)
Glucose Metabolism Disorders (Phase 2)
Glycemic Control (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 1)
Heart Failure (Phase 4)
Heart Failure, Diastolic (Phase 2)
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Phase 3)
HIV Infections (Phase 4)
Huntington Disease (Phase 3)
Hyperandrogenism (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hyperglycemia (Phase 4)
Hyperlactatemia (Phase 4)
Hyperlipidemias (Phase 1)
Hypertension (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hypertension, Pulmonary (Phase 2)
Hypoglycemic Agents (Phase 4)
Immunosenescence (Phase 2)
Infertility (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Infertility, Female (Phase 4)
Infertility, Male (Phase 2)
Inflammation (Phase 2)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Phase 2)
Insulin Resistance (Phase 4)
Intellectual Disability (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Intermittent Claudication (Phase 3)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 4)
Larynx (Early Phase 1)
Lip (Early Phase 1)
Lipid Metabolism Disorders (Phase 1)
Liver Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Low Back Pain (Phase 2)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic (Phase 2)
Lupus Nephritis (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Follicular (Phase 2)
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse (Phase 2)
Melanoma (Phase 2)
Melanosis (Phase 4)
Menstruation Disturbances (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Mental Retardation, X-Linked (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Metabolic Diseases (Phase 4)
Metabolic Syndrome (Phase 4)
Metabolism (Early Phase 1)
Metformin (Phase 4)
Mitochondria (Phase 3)
Mouth (Early Phase 1)
Mouth Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Multiple Myeloma (Phase 1)
Multiple Sclerosis (Phase 2)
Muscle Spasticity (Phase 2)
Muscular Atrophy (Early Phase 1)
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (Phase 2)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Neurobehavioral Manifestations (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Phase 4)
Nutrition Disorders (Early Phase 1)
Obesity (Phase 4)
Obesity, Abdominal (Phase 2)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Organic Cation Transporter 1 (Phase 1)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 2)
Osteosarcoma (Phase 2)
Ovarian Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Overweight (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Ovulation (Phase 4)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Pediatric Obesity (Phase 4)
Peri-Implantitis (Phase 4)
Perinatal Care (Phase 3)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
Pharynx (Early Phase 1)
Pioglitazone (Early Phase 1)
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant (Phase 3)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Phase 4)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 1)
Prediabetic State (Phase 4)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 4)
Pregnancy in Diabetics (Phase 4)
Preleukemia (Phase 2)
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (Phase 1)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Proteinuria (Phase 4)
Psoriasis (Phase 4)
Puerperal Disorders (Phase 3)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive (Early Phase 1)
Racism (Phase 4)
Renal Insufficiency (Phase 4)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (Phase 3)
Retinal Degeneration (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Retinal Diseases (Phase 2)
Retinal Dystrophies (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Sarcoma, Ewing (Phase 2)
SARS-CoV-2 (Phase 2)
Schizophrenia (Phase 4)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Phase 3)
Sex Chromosome Disorders (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (Phase 2)
Smoking (Phase 2)
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (Phase 2)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (Phase 2)
Stargardt Disease (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Steatitis (Phase 3)
Stomach Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Stroke (Phase 2)
Therapeutic Equivalency (Phase 1)
Thiamine Deficiency (Phase 4)
Thoracic Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Thrombocytopenia (Phase 2)
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Tuberculosis (Phase 2)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary (Phase 2)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Vaccines (Phase 1)
Vascular Calcification (Phase 3)
Vascular Stiffness (Phase 4)
Virus Diseases (Phase 2)
Vision Disorders (Phase 2)
Vitamin D Deficiency (Phase 4)
Volunteers (Phase 1)
Yellow Fever (Phase 2)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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