Active Ingredient History
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used to numb tissue in a specific area and for management of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly those of ventricular origins, such as occur with acute myocardial infarction. Lidocaine alters signal conduction in neurons by blocking the fast voltage-gated Na+ channels in the neuronal cell membrane responsible for signal propagation. With sufficient blockage, the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron will not depolarize and will thus fail to transmit an action potential. This creates the anesthetic effect by not merely preventing pain signals from propagating to the brain, but by stopping them before they begin. Careful titration allows for a high degree of selectivity in the blockage of sensory neurons, whereas higher concentrations also affect other modalities of neuron signaling. Lidocaine exerts an antiarrhythmic effect by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricle during diastole. In usual therapeutic doses, lidocaine hydrochloride produces no change in myocardial contractility, in systemic arterial pressure, or an absolute refractory period. The efficacy profile of lidocaine as a local anesthetic is characterized by a rapid onset of action and intermediate duration of efficacy. Therefore, lidocaine is suitable for infiltration, block, and surface anesthesia. Longer-acting substances such as bupivacaine are sometimes given preference for spinal and epidural anesthesias; lidocaine, though, has the advantage of a rapid onset of action. Lidocaine is also the most important class-1b antiarrhythmic drug; it is used intravenously for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias (for acute myocardial infarction, digoxin poisoning, cardioversion, or cardiac catheterization) if amiodarone is not available or contraindicated. Lidocaine should be given for this indication after defibrillation, CPR, and vasopressors have been initiated. A routine preventative dose is no longer recommended after a myocardial infarction as the overall benefit is not convincing. Inhaled lidocaine can be used as a cough suppressor acting peripherally to reduce the cough reflex. This application can be implemented as a safety and comfort measure for patients who have to be intubated, as it reduces the incidence of coughing and any tracheal damage it might cause when emerging from anesthesia. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when lidocaine is used as a local anesthetic and is administered correctly. Most ADRs associated with lidocaine for anesthesia relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, and allergic reactions only rarely occur. Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of lidocaine mainly result in a central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at higher concentrations, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (approved 1984)
Abdominal Injuries (Phase 4)
Abdominal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Abdominal Pain (Phase 4)
Abortion, Induced (Phase 3)
Abortion, Spontaneous (Phase 3)
Abscess (Phase 4)
Achilles Tendon (Phase 4)
Acne Vulgaris (Phase 4)
Acute Lung Injury (Phase 4)
Acute Pain (Phase 4)
Adenoids (Phase 4)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Aged (Phase 4)
Allergy and Immunology (Phase 3)
Alopecia (Phase 4)
Alopecia Areata (Phase 4)
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (Phase 1)
Amputation (Phase 4)
Analgesia (Phase 4)
Analgesics (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Opioid (Phase 4)
Anemia, Sickle Cell (Phase 2)
Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Conduction (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Anesthesia, Dental (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Epidural (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, General (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Intravenous (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Local (Phase 4)
Anesthesia Recovery Period (Phase 3)
Anesthesia, Spinal (Phase 4)
Anesthetics, Local (Phase 4)
Angina Pectoris (Phase 4)
Ankle Injuries (Phase 3)
Anxiety (Phase 4)
Anxiety Disorders (Phase 3)
Aorta (Phase 4)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal (Phase 4)
Appendicitis (Phase 4)
Arthritis (Phase 4)
Arthritis, Juvenile (Phase 3)
Arthropathy, Neurogenic (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip (Phase 3)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee (Phase 4)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Early Phase 1)
Back Pain (Phase 4)
Bacteremia (Phase 4)
Bariatric Surgery (Phase 4)
Behavior (Phase 4)
beta-Thalassemia (Phase 2)
Bone Marrow Diseases (Phase 3)
Bowen's Disease (Phase 1)
Brachial Plexus Block (Phase 4)
Brain Concussion (Phase 2)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic (Phase 4)
Brain Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Bronchiectasis (Phase 3)
Bronchoscopy (Phase 3)
Bundle-Branch Block (Phase 2)
Buprenorphine (Phase 4)
Burns (Phase 4)
Bursitis (Phase 4)
Cancer Pain (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell (Phase 1)
Cardiac Catheterization (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Cardiotoxicity (Phase 1)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 4)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Phase 4)
Cataract (Phase 3)
Catheter-Related Infections (Phase 4)
Catheters (Phase 4)
Central Nervous System Depressants (Phase 4)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak (Phase 4)
Cervix Uteri (Phase 4)
Cesarean Section (Phase 4)
Child (Phase 3)
Cholecystitis, Acute (Phase 4)
Cholecystolithiasis (Phase 4)
Cholelithiasis (Phase 4)
Chronic Pain (Phase 4)
Cicatrix (Phase 4)
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic (Phase 4)
Clubfoot (Phase 4)
Cocaine-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Cognition (Phase 1)
Cognition Disorders (Phase 4)
Colonic Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Colonic Polyps (Phase 1)
Colonoscopy (Phase 4)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Colorectal Surgery (Phase 3)
Common Cold (Phase 3)
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes (Phase 4)
Conscious Sedation (Phase 4)
Constipation (Phase 4)
Consumer Behavior (Phase 4)
Contraception (Phase 4)
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss (Phase 3)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 4)
Coronavirus Infections (Phase 3)
Cough (Phase 4)
COVID-19 (Phase 3)
Craniotomy (Phase 2)
Critical Illness (Phase 4)
Cystitis, Interstitial (Phase 2)
Cystocele (Phase 4)
Cystoscopy (Phase 4)
Deglutition Disorders (Phase 2)
Dental Anxiety (Phase 4)
Dental Pulp Diseases (Phase 4)
Dermatologic Surgical Procedures (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Dermatology (Phase 4)
Dexmedetomidine (Phase 3)
Diabetes Mellitus (Phase 4)
Diabetic Neuropathies (Phase 4)
Dilatation (Phase 4)
Diverticulitis (Phase 2)
Diverticulitis, Colonic (Phase 4)
Drug Delivery Systems (Phase 1)
Drug Interactions (Phase 3)
Drug Misuse (Phase 4)
Drugs, Investigational (Phase 4)
Dysmenorrhea (Phase 2)
Dyspareunia (Phase 3)
Dyspepsia (Phase 3)
Dysuria (Phase 3)
Eczema (Phase 4)
Edema (Phase 4)
Elbow (Phase 4)
Elective Surgical Procedures (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Emergencies (Phase 3)
Endometrial Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Endometriosis (Phase 2)
Endophthalmitis (Phase 4)
Endoscopy (Phase 4)
Endoscopy, Digestive System (Phase 4)
Epidermal Cells (Phase 4)
Epilepsy (Phase 4)
Epiretinal Membrane (Phase 4)
Epistaxis (Early Phase 1)
Esophagitis (Phase 2)
Eye Diseases, Hereditary (Phase 4)
Facial Injuries (Phase 3)
Facial Neuralgia (Phase 3)
Facial Pain (Phase 4)
Facial Paralysis (Phase 4)
Family Planning Services (Phase 4)
Fasciitis, Plantar (Phase 4)
Fatigue (Phase 3)
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic (Phase 2)
Feeding and Eating Disorders (Phase 2)
Fetus (Phase 3)
Fibroins (Phase 4)
Fibromyalgia (Phase 3)
Fibrosis (Phase 4)
Filtration (Phase 3)
Fissure in Ano (Phase 4)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Fractures, Closed (Phase 4)
Gabapentin (Phase 3)
Gallstones (Phase 4)
Gastroesophageal Reflux (Phase 3)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Genital Diseases, Female (Phase 4)
Genital Neoplasms, Female (Phase 4)
Geographic Atrophy (Phase 2)
Glioblastoma (Phase 1)
Glycogen Storage Disease Type II (Phase 1)
Granuloma Annulare (Phase 4)
Hallux Valgus (Phase 4)
Hand Injuries (Phase 4)
Headache (Phase 4)
Headache Disorders (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 4)
Heart Arrest (Phase 3)
Heart Defects, Congenital (Phase 4)
Heart Diseases (Phase 4)
Heart Failure (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Heart Valve Diseases (Phase 2)
Heating (Phase 1)
Hematoma (Phase 4)
Hemodynamics (Phase 4)
Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Hemorrhoidectomy (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Hemorrhoids (Phase 4)
Hernia, Hiatal (Phase 4)
Hernia, Inguinal (Phase 3)
Hip Fractures (Phase 4)
HIV Infections (Phase 4)
Human papillomavirus 16 (Phase 4)
Humeral Fractures (Early Phase 1)
Hunger (Phase 4)
Hydrocephalus (Phase 4)
Hyperalgesia (Phase 2)
Hypertension (Phase 1)
Hypertension, Pulmonary (Phase 1)
Hypotension (Phase 4)
Hysterectomy (Phase 4)
Hysteroscopy (Phase 4)
Ileus (Phase 4)
Infant, Premature (Phase 1)
Infertility (Phase 2)
Infertility, Female (Phase 4)
Inflammation (Phase 3)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Phase 2)
Inhalation (Phase 4)
Injections, Intravenous (Phase 4)
Injections, Spinal (Phase 4)
Intensive Care Units (Phase 3)
Intestinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (Phase 4)
Intestine, Large (Phase 4)
Intraocular Pressure (Phase 4)
Intraoperative Awareness (Phase 4)
Intrauterine Devices (Phase 4)
Intubation (Phase 4)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Phase 2)
Keloid (Phase 4)
Keratoacanthoma (Phase 4)
Keratosis, Actinic (Phase 4)
Ketamine (Phase 3)
Kidney Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Kidney Transplantation (Phase 4)
Knee Injuries (Phase 3)
Labor Pain (Phase 4)
Lacerations (Phase 4)
Laminaria (Phase 4)
Laminectomy (Phase 4)
Laparoscopy (Phase 4)
Latency Period, Psychological (Phase 2)
Leiomyoma (Phase 4)
Leukemia (Phase 4)
Lichen Planus (Phase 4)
Lidocaine (Phase 4)
Limb Deformities, Congenital (Phase 4)
Linear Energy Transfer (Phase 4)
Lip Diseases (Phase 3)
Live Birth (Phase 4)
Liver Cirrhosis (Phase 1)
Liver Neoplasms (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Low Back Pain (Phase 4)
Lumbar Vertebrae (Phase 2)
Lung Diseases (Phase 4)
Lung Diseases, Interstitial (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Lymphadenopathy (Phase 3)
Lymphoma (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin (Phase 4)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Phase 3)
Malabsorption Syndromes (Phase 3)
Malnutrition (Phase 3)
Mastectomy (Phase 4)
Mastectomy, Radical (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Mastectomy, Segmental (Phase 4)
Mastodynia (Phase 4)
Menopause (Phase 3)
Migraine Disorders (Phase 4)
Migraine with Aura (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Molar, Third (Phase 4)
Monitoring, Intraoperative (Phase 4)
Morphine (Phase 4)
Morton Neuroma (Phase 1)
Motor Activity (Phase 2)
Mucositis (Phase 3)
Multiple Sclerosis (Phase 4)
Muscle Fatigue (Phase 3)
Musculoskeletal Diseases (Phase 4)
Musculoskeletal Pain (Phase 4)
Mydriasis (Phase 3)
Myoclonus (Phase 4)
Myofascial Pain Syndromes (Phase 4)
Narcotics (Phase 4)
Nasolabial Fold (Phase 4)
Nausea (Phase 4)
Neck Pain (Phase 4)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Phase 4)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage (Phase 2)
Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous (Phase 1)
Nephrostomy, Percutaneous (Phase 4)
Nerve Block (Phase 4)
Nerve Degeneration (Phase 4)
Nerve Fibers (Phase 4)
Neuralgia (Phase 4)
Neuralgia, Postherpetic (Phase 4)
Neurodermatitis (Phase 4)
Neurofibromatoses (Phase 4)
Neuromuscular Blockade (Phase 4)
Nociceptive Pain (Phase 1)
Nose Deformities, Acquired (Phase 4)
Obesity (Phase 4)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 3)
Only Child (Phase 4)
Opioid-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Oral Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Oral Surgical Procedures (Phase 3)
Orthopedic Procedures (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Hip (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal (Phase 3)
Oximetry (Phase 3)
Paget Disease, Extramammary (Phase 3)
Pain ()
Pain Management (Phase 1)
Pain Perception (Phase 4)
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 4)
Pain, Procedural (Phase 4)
Pancreatectomy (Phase 4)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Parathyroid Diseases (Phase 3)
Parathyroid Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Parturition (Phase 4)
Pathologic Processes (Phase 3)
Patient Satisfaction (Phase 4)
Pediatric Dentistry (Phase 4)
Pediatrics (Phase 4)
Pelvic Floor Disorders (Phase 4)
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (Phase 4)
Pelvic Pain (Phase 4)
Periarthritis (Phase 3)
Periodontal Diseases (Phase 4)
Periodontitis (Phase 4)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (Phase 4)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 4)
Pharyngitis (Phase 4)
Pharynx (Phase 4)
Phlebotomy (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Phytotherapy (Phase 4)
Pleural Diseases (Phase 3)
Pleural Effusion, Malignant (Early Phase 1)
Pneumonia (Phase 4)
Polyps (Phase 4)
Post-Dural Puncture Headache (Phase 4)
Postoperative Cognitive Complications (Phase 2)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 4)
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Phase 4)
Pre-Eclampsia (Phase 3)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 4)
Pregnancy, Unwanted (Phase 3)
Premature Ejaculation (Phase 3)
Premenstrual Syndrome (Phase 1)
Pressoreceptors (Phase 4)
Prostatectomy (Phase 4)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Prostatitis (Phase 2)
Prurigo (Phase 4)
Pruritus (Phase 2)
Psoriasis (Phase 4)
Psychological Distress (Phase 4)
Pudendal Neuralgia (Phase 4)
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Phase 4)
Pulpitis (Phase 4)
Quality of Life (Phase 3)
Radial Artery (Phase 4)
Radiation Oncology (Phase 3)
Radiculopathy (Phase 4)
Rectal Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Rectal Fistula (Phase 4)
Rectal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Renal Colic (Phase 4)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Phase 3)
Respiratory Insufficiency (Phase 3)
Retinal Detachment (Phase 4)
Retinal Perforations (Phase 4)
Rhytidoplasty (Phase 4)
Rib Fractures (Phase 4)
Rotator Cuff Injuries (Phase 4)
Sarcoidosis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Sciatica (Phase 4)
Sciatic Neuropathy (Phase 4)
Scleroderma, Localized (Phase 4)
Scleroderma, Systemic (Phase 3)
Sclerosis (Phase 3)
Scoliosis (Phase 4)
Sentinel Lymph Node (Phase 3)
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological (Phase 4)
Shock, Septic (Phase 3)
Shoulder Dislocation (Phase 4)
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (Phase 4)
Shoulder Pain (Phase 4)
Sinusitis (Phase 3)
Skin Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 3)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes (Phase 3)
Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic (Phase 4)
Snake Bites (Phase 3)
Spasm (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Spinal Cord Injuries (Phase 4)
Spinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Spinal Fusion (Phase 3)
Spinal Injuries (Phase 4)
Spinal Stenosis (Phase 4)
Spine (Phase 1)
Sprains and Strains (Phase 4)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (Phase 3)
Stellate Ganglion (Phase 2)
Sternotomy (Phase 4)
Stomatitis (Phase 4)
Stroke (Phase 3)
Surgical Wound Infection (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Tattooing (Phase 4)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Phase 2)
Tendinopathy ()
Tendon Injuries (Phase 3)
Tennis Elbow (Phase 4)
Tenosynovitis (Phase 4)
Tension-Type Headache (Phase 2)
Term Birth (Phase 4)
Thyroid Diseases (Phase 2)
Thyroidectomy (Phase 4)
Thyroid Gland (Early Phase 1)
Thyroid Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Tinnitus (Phase 4)
Tonsillectomy (Phase 3)
Tonsillitis (Phase 4)
Tooth Abnormalities (Phase 4)
Traumatology (Phase 4)
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Phase 4)
Trigger Finger Disorder (Phase 4)
Tuberculosis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Ulcer (Phase 2)
Urethral Diseases (Phase 4)
Urethral Stricture (Phase 2)
Urinary Bladder (Phase 4)
Urinary Bladder Diseases (Phase 2)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Urinary Bladder, Overactive (Phase 4)
Urinary Incontinence (Phase 4)
Urinary Incontinence, Stress (Phase 4)
Urinary Incontinence, Urge (Phase 4)
Urinary Tract Infections (Phase 2)
Urination Disorders (Phase 4)
Urolithiasis (Phase 4)
Urological Manifestations (Phase 3)
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia (Phase 2)
Uterine Diseases (Phase 4)
Uterine Myomectomy (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Uterine Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Uterine Prolapse (Phase 4)
Uterus (Phase 2)
Vagina (Phase 4)
Vaginitis (Phase 4)
Vaginosis, Bacterial (Phase 4)
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection (Phase 3)
Varicose Veins (Phase 4)
Vascular Diseases (Phase 4)
Venous Cutdown (Phase 4)
Venous Thromboembolism (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Vestibular Diseases (Phase 1)
Vision, Ocular (Phase 4)
Vitrectomy (Phase 4)
Vitreoretinal Surgery (Phase 4)
Vitreous Detachment (Phase 4)
Vitreous Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Vomiting (Phase 4)
Vulvar Diseases (Phase 4)
Vulvar Vestibulitis (Phase 2)
Vulvodynia (Phase 3)
Vulvovaginitis (Phase 4)
Work of Breathing (Phase 4)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
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