Active Ingredient History
Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is commonly used for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Its therapeutic effects are similar to salicylates, but it lacks anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and gastric ulcerative effects. Acetaminophen (USAN) or Paracetamol (INN) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. It is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu medications and many prescription analgesics. It is extremely safe in standard doses, but because of its wide availability, deliberate or accidental overdoses are not uncommon. Acetaminophen, unlike other common analgesics such as aspirin and ibuprofen, has no anti-inflammatory properties or effects on platelet function, and it is not a member of the class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs. At therapeutic doses, acetaminophen does not irritate the lining of the stomach nor affect blood coagulation, kidney function, or the fetal ductus arteriosus (as NSAIDs can). Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Unlike NSAIDs, acetaminophen does not inhibit cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues and, thus, has no peripheral anti-inflammatory affects. Acetaminophen indirectly blocks COX, and that this blockade is ineffective in the presence of peroxides. This might explain why acetaminophen is effective in the central nervous system and in endothelial cells but not in platelets and immune cells, which have high levels of peroxides. Studies also report data suggesting that acetaminophen selectively blocks a variant of the COX enzyme that is different from the known variants COX-1 and COX-2. This enzyme is now referred to as COX-3. Its exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood, but future research may provide further insight into how it works. The antipyretic properties of acetaminophen are likely due to direct effects on the heat-regulating centers of the hypothalamus resulting in peripheral vasodilation, sweating and hence heat dissipation. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Arthritis (approved 1994)
Back Pain (approved 1994)
Common Cold (approved 1994)
Fever (approved 1994)
Headache (approved 1994)
Keratosis, Seborrheic (approved 2017)
Abdomen, Acute (Phase 3)
Abdominal Pain (Phase 3)
Abortion, Induced (Phase 4)
Acetaminophen (Phase 4)
Acute Coronary Syndrome (Phase 4)
Acute Kidney Injury (Phase 3)
Acute Pain (Phase 4)
Adenoidectomy (Phase 4)
Adenoids (Phase 2)
Administration, Oral (Phase 1)
Aged (Phase 1)
Airway Obstruction (Phase 4)
Alcoholism (Phase 4)
Alcohol-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Allergy and Immunology (Phase 3)
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (Phase 1)
Alzheimer Disease (Phase 4)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (Phase 3)
Analgesia (Phase 4)
Analgesia, Obstetrical (Phase 2)
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled (Phase 4)
Analgesics (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Opioid (Phase 4)
Anemia, Sickle Cell (Phase 4)
Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, General (Phase 3)
Anesthesia, Local (Phase 4)
Anesthesia Recovery Period (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Spinal (Phase 3)
Anesthetics, Local (Phase 4)
Ankle Fractures (Early Phase 1)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (Phase 3)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (Phase 4)
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Phase 4)
Anxiety (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal (Phase 3)
Appendicitis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Arnold-Chiari Malformation (Phase 2)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Arthralgia (Phase 4)
Arthritis (Phase 4)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Phase 4)
Arthropathy, Neurogenic (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee (Phase 3)
Arthroscopy (Phase 4)
Asthma (Phase 4)
Atrial Fibrillation (Phase 4)
Automobile Driving (Phase 4)
Back Pain (Phase 4)
Balanitis (Phase 2)
Bariatric Surgery (Phase 4)
Behavior (Phase 2)
Blood Pressure (Phase 4)
Body Temperature (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Body Weight Changes (Phase 4)
Borderline Personality Disorder (Phase 2)
Brachial Plexus Block (Phase 3)
Brain Concussion (Phase 2)
Brain Injuries (Phase 4)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic (Phase 4)
Breast Diseases (Phase 3)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Breech Presentation (Phase 3)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Phase 2)
Bunion (Phase 3)
Caffeine (Phase 3)
Cancer Pain (Phase 4)
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating (Phase 4)
Carotid Artery Diseases (Phase 4)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Phase 4)
Catheters (Phase 4)
Central Nervous System Diseases (Phase 1)
Cerebral Hemorrhage (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Cerebral Palsy (Phase 4)
Cervix Uteri (Phase 4)
Cesarean Section (Phase 4)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury (Phase 4)
Child (Phase 4)
Cholecystectomy (Phase 3)
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic (Phase 4)
Cholecystitis (Phase 4)
Cholelithiasis (Phase 4)
Chronic Pain (Phase 4)
Circumcision, Male (Phase 4)
Cleft Palate (Phase 2)
Cognition Disorders (Phase 2)
Cognitive Aging (Phase 3)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 4)
Cold Temperature (Phase 3)
Colonic Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Colorectal Surgery (Phase 4)
Coma (Phase 2)
Common Cold (Phase 4)
Communication (Phase 2)
Conjunctivitis (Phase 3)
Consciousness Disorders (Phase 2)
Constipation (Phase 4)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 4)
Coronavirus (Phase 3)
COVID-19 (Phase 3)
Craniotomy (Phase 4)
Critical Illness (Phase 4)
Crohn Disease (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Cystectomy (Phase 4)
Delirium (Phase 4)
Dementia (Phase 4)
Dementia, Vascular (Phase 4)
Dental Implantation, Endosseous (Phase 4)
Dental Implants (Phase 4)
Dentin Sensitivity (Phase 4)
Depression (Phase 4)
De Quervain Disease (Phase 4)
Dexmedetomidine (Phase 3)
Diabetes Mellitus (Phase 1)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (Phase 2)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (Phase 4)
Diabetic Neuropathies (Phase 4)
Diverticulitis (Phase 4)
Diverticulitis, Colonic (Phase 4)
Drugs, Generic (Phase 1)
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent (Phase 4)
Dysmenorrhea (Phase 4)
Eclampsia (Phase 4)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (Phase 2)
Emergence Delirium (Phase 4)
Emergency Medicine (Phase 4)
Empathy (Phase 1)
Endothelium (Phase 4)
Ependymoma (Phase 2)
Epilepsy (Phase 2)
Facial Pain (Early Phase 1)
Fascia (Phase 4)
Fasting (Phase 4)
Femoral Fractures (Phase 4)
Fetal Development (Phase 1)
Fever (Phase 4)
Fibromyalgia (Phase 4)
Flank Pain (Phase 4)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Gabapentin (Phase 3)
Gallstones (Phase 4)
Ganglion Cysts (Phase 4)
Gastric Emptying (Phase 4)
Gastrointestinal Diseases (Phase 2)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Gingival Diseases (Phase 2)
Gingival Recession (Phase 4)
Glaucoma (Early Phase 1)
Glycogen Storage Disease Type II (Phase 1)
Graft Rejection (Phase 2)
Graft vs Host Disease (Phase 2)
Hamartoma (Phase 4)
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (Phase 2)
Headache (Phase 4)
Headache Disorders (Phase 1)
Head and Neck Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 4)
Heart Diseases (Phase 3)
Heart Rate (Phase 1/Phase 2)
HELLP Syndrome (Phase 4)
Hematoma, Subdural (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Hernia (Phase 3)
Hernia, Abdominal (Phase 4)
Hernia, Inguinal (Phase 4)
Herpangina (Phase 2)
Hip Fractures (Phase 4)
HIV Infections (Phase 3)
Hodgkin Disease (Phase 2)
Homocystinuria (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hospital Costs (Phase 4)
Humans (Phase 4)
Hyperalgesia (Phase 4)
Hyperplasia (Phase 4)
Hypertension (Phase 4)
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced (Phase 4)
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular (Phase 3)
Hysterectomy (Phase 4)
Ileus (Phase 4)
Immune System Diseases (Phase 4)
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease (Phase 2)
Infant, Newborn (Phase 1)
Infant, Premature (Phase 4)
Infant, Premature, Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Infections (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Inflammation (Early Phase 1)
Influenza A virus (Phase 3)
Influenza, Human (Phase 4)
Infratentorial Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (Phase 1)
Intestinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (Phase 4)
Ischemic Attack, Transient (Phase 3)
Ischemic Stroke (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Joint Diseases (Phase 3)
Ketamine (Phase 3)
Ketorolac (Phase 3)
Kidney Calculi (Phase 4)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 3)
Kidney Transplantation (Phase 2)
Knee Injuries (Phase 4)
Labor Pain (Phase 4)
Laparoscopy (Phase 3)
Length of Stay (Phase 4)
Leukemia (Phase 2)
Leukemia, Hairy Cell (Phase 1)
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell (Phase 2)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Lidocaine (Phase 3)
Ligaments (Phase 4)
Limb Deformities, Congenital (Phase 4)
Live Birth (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Liver Cirrhosis (Phase 1)
Liver Transplantation (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Low Back Pain (Phase 4)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic (Phase 3)
Lupus Nephritis (Phase 3)
Lyme Disease (Phase 3)
Lymphoma (Phase 3)
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse (Phase 2)
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic (Phase 2)
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin (Phase 3)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Phase 1)
Malaria (Phase 4)
Malaria, Falciparum (Phase 4)
Mastectomy (Phase 4)
Mastocytosis, Systemic (Phase 1)
Mastodynia (Phase 4)
Medulloblastoma (Phase 2)
Melanoma (Phase 3)
Meningitis, Bacterial (Phase 4)
Meningococcal Vaccines (Phase 2)
Meniscus (Early Phase 1)
Mental Disorders (Phase 4)
Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances (Early Phase 1)
Migraine Disorders (Phase 4)
Mitral Valve (Phase 4)
Morphine (Phase 4)
Mucositis (Phase 3)
Multiple Myeloma (Phase 3)
Multiple Sclerosis (Phase 4)
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive (Phase 3)
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting (Phase 4)
Muscle Weakness (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Musculoskeletal Diseases (Phase 4)
Musculoskeletal Pain (Phase 4)
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (Phase 2)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 4)
Myopia (Phase 4)
Narcotics (Phase 4)
Nasal Obstruction (Phase 4)
Nausea (Phase 4)
Neck Pain (Phase 4)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Nephrectomy (Phase 4)
Nephrolithiasis (Phase 3)
Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous (Phase 4)
Nerve Block (Phase 4)
Neuralgia (Phase 4)
Neurofibroma (Phase 1)
Obesity (Phase 4)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 4)
Obstetrics (Phase 2)
Oocyte Retrieval (Phase 4)
Opiate Substitution Treatment (Phase 4)
Opioid-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Oral Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Orthopedic Procedures (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Hip (Phase 3)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)
Osteoporosis (Phase 4)
Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (Phase 4)
Overweight (Phase 1)
Oxidative Stress (Phase 2)
Oximetry (Phase 3)
Paget Disease, Extramammary (Phase 3)
Pain (Phase 4)
Pain Management (Phase 4)
Pain Measurement (Phase 4)
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 4)
Palliative Care (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Pancreatic Diseases (Phase 4)
Paraphimosis (Phase 2)
Parasitemia (Phase 2)
Parathyroid Diseases (Phase 4)
Parathyroid Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Parkinson Disease (Phase 1)
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Phase 4)
Pathologic Processes (Phase 3)
Patient Satisfaction (Phase 4)
Pediatric Obesity (Phase 3)
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (Phase 4)
Pemphigus (Phase 3)
Perineum (Phase 2)
Peripheral Arterial Disease (Phase 2)
Peripheral Vascular Diseases (Phase 3)
Persistent Vegetative State (Phase 2)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 3)
Pharmacology (Phase 2)
Pharyngitis (Phase 4)
Phimosis (Phase 2)
Plasmacytoma (Phase 1)
Pneumococcal Vaccines (Phase 4)
Post-Concussion Syndrome (Early Phase 1)
Post-Dural Puncture Headache (Phase 4)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 4)
Postoperative Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Phase 4)
Postpartum Period (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Pre-Eclampsia (Phase 4)
Pregnancy (Phase 3)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 4)
Pregnancy Trimester, First (Phase 4)
Prostatectomy (Phase 4)
Pruritus (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Pulmonary Embolism (Phase 4)
Pulpitis (Phase 2)
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic (Phase 1)
Radiation Oncology (Phase 3)
Recovery of Function (Phase 4)
Rectal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Refractive Errors (Phase 4)
Renal Colic (Phase 4)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Respiratory Insufficiency (Phase 3)
Respiratory Sounds (Phase 3)
Respiratory Tract Infections (Phase 4)
Rheumatic Diseases (Phase 4)
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal (Phase 4)
Rhinorrhea (Phase 3)
Rhytidoplasty (Phase 1)
Rib Fractures (Phase 4)
Rotator Cuff Injuries (Phase 4)
Rotavirus Infections (Phase 3)
SARS-CoV-2 (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Sciatica (Phase 4)
Scoliosis (Phase 3)
Seizures (Phase 4)
Sensitivity and Specificity (Phase 4)
Sepsis (Phase 3)
Shivering (Phase 4)
Shoulder (Phase 4)
Shoulder Pain (Phase 4)
Sinusitis (Phase 4)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 4)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes (Phase 4)
Sneezing (Phase 3)
Soft Tissue Injuries (Phase 2)
Spinal Fusion (Phase 3)
Spinal Injuries (Phase 4)
Spinal Stenosis (Phase 4)
Spondylitis, Ankylosing (Phase 4)
Spondylolisthesis (Phase 1)
Sprains and Strains (Phase 4)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (Phase 3)
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Phase 4)
Stomach Diseases (Phase 4)
Stomach Ulcer (Phase 3)
Streptococcal Infections (Phase 4)
Stroke (Phase 4)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Substance-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Surgery, Oral (Phase 4)
Surgical Wound (Phase 4)
Swallows (Phase 4)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Phase 4)
Tension-Type Headache (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Therapeutic Equivalency (Phase 1)
Thoracic Surgery (Phase 2)
Thyroid Diseases (Phase 4)
Thyroid Gland (Phase 4)
Thyroid Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Thyroid Nodule (Phase 4)
Tibial Meniscus Injuries (Phase 3)
Tonsillectomy (Phase 4)
Tonsillitis (Phase 4)
Tooth (Phase 2)
Tooth Abnormalities (Phase 4)
Toothache (Phase 4)
Tooth Bleaching (Phase 4)
Tooth Extraction (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Tooth Loss (Phase 4)
Tooth Socket (Phase 4)
Trigger Finger Disorder (Phase 4)
Tuberculosis (Phase 4)
Ultrasonography (Phase 4)
Urethral Stricture (Phase 4)
Urinary Bladder, Overactive (Phase 4)
Urinary Calculi (Phase 4)
Urolithiasis (Phase 4)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Uterine Diseases (Phase 4)
Vascular Diseases (Phase 4)
Venous Thrombosis (Phase 4)
Vomiting (Phase 3)
Wound Healing (Phase 1)
Wound Infection (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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