Active Ingredient History
Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. Supplemental L-glutamine's possible immunomodulatory role may be accounted for in a number of ways. L-glutamine appears to play a major role in protecting the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract and, in particular, the large intestine. During catabolic states, the integrity of the intestinal mucosa may be compromised with consequent increased intestinal permeability and translocation of Gram-negative bacteria from the large intestine into the body. The demand for L-glutamine by the intestine, as well as by cells such as lymphocytes, appears to be much greater than that supplied by skeletal muscle, the major storage tissue for L-glutamine. L-glutamine is the preferred respiratory fuel for enterocytes, colonocytes and lymphocytes. Therefore, supplying supplemental L-glutamine under these conditions may do a number of things. For one, it may reverse the catabolic state by sparing skeletal muscle L-glutamine. It also may inhibit translocation of Gram-negative bacteria from the large intestine. L-glutamine helps maintain secretory IgA, which functions primarily by preventing the attachment of bacteria to mucosal cells. L-glutamine appears to be required to support the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, as well as the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). It is also required for the maintenance of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK). L-glutamine can enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. It can lead to an increased synthesis of glutathione in the intestine, which may also play a role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa by ameliorating oxidative stress. The exact mechanism of the possible immunomodulatory action of supplemental L-glutamine, however, remains unclear. It is conceivable that the major effect of L-glutamine occurs at the level of the intestine. Perhaps enteral L-glutamine acts directly on intestine-associated lymphoid tissue and stimulates overall immune function by that mechanism, without passing beyond the splanchnic bed. Glutamine is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Anemia, Sickle Cell (Phase 4)
Anxiety Disorders (Phase 2)
Aortic Valve Stenosis (Phase 4)
beta-Thalassemia (Phase 3)
Bone Marrow Transplantation (Phase 4)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic (Phase 4)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Burns (Phase 3)
Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Phase 4)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 2)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Coronary Artery Bypass (Phase 3)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 3)
Coronary Disease (Phase 2)
COVID-19 (Phase 3)
Critical Illness (Phase 4)
Crohn Disease (Phase 1)
Cystic Fibrosis (Phase 2)
Diabetes Mellitus (Phase 4)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (Phase 1)
Diarrhea (Phase 3)
Digestive System Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Diverticulosis, Colonic (Phase 1)
Drug Therapy (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Eczema (Early Phase 1)
Endothelial Cells (Phase 2)
Enteral Nutrition (Phase 4)
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Head and Neck Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 1)
Heart Failure (Phase 3)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Phase 4)
Herpes Labialis (Phase 2)
HIV (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hypertension, Pulmonary (Phase 2)
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular (Phase 4)
Immune System Diseases (Phase 2)
Infant, Low Birth Weight (Phase 3)
Infant, Newborn (Phase 3)
Infant, Premature (Phase 3)
Infant, Small for Gestational Age (Phase 3)
Infections (Phase 3)
Inflammation (Phase 4)
Intensive Care Units (Phase 4)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Phase 2)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 2)
Kidney Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Leukemia (Phase 3)
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell (Early Phase 1)
Leukemia, Plasma Cell (Phase 2)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (Phase 1)
Lymphoma (Phase 3)
Malnutrition (Phase 4)
Mitochondrial Diseases (Phase 2)
mTOR Associated Protein, LST8 Homolog (Early Phase 1)
Mucositis (Phase 3)
Multiple Myeloma (Phase 2)
Multiple Organ Failure (Phase 4)
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne (Phase 3)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Myocardial Ischemia (Phase 4)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 2)
Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Pain (Phase 3)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Periodontitis (Phase 2)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (Phase 3)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 4)
Plasmacytoma (Phase 2)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 3)
Propionic Acidemia (Phase 1)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Respiratory Aspiration (Phase 2)
Respiratory Insufficiency (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Rheumatic Heart Disease (Phase 2)
Sarcoma (Phase 3)
Sarcopenia (Phase 2)
Sepsis (Phase 3)
Shock (Phase 1)
Simplexvirus (Phase 2)
Thalassemia (Phase 2)
Traumatology (Phase 2)
Urological Manifestations (Phase 4)
Wound Healing (Phase 4)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 1)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
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